Computer Memory Kya Hai? Aur Kitne Prakar ki Hoti Hai?

Computer Memory Kya Hai? :

Memory computer ka wo part hota hai, jaha par user data ya information ko store karta hai.  Memory computer mein human being ke mind ki tarha kaam karti hai. Jis tarha human ko cheezein yaad rakhne ke liye mind ki zarurat hoti hai, usi tarha computer mein bhi data ya information ko long time tak store karne ke liye memory ki zarurat hoti hai. Computer mein use hone wali memory generally 2 type ki hoti hai—

1.Primary Memory (Main Memory)

2.Secondary Memory (Auxiliary Memory)

1.Primary Memory (Main Memory): 

Primary memory computer ki Internal Memory hoti hai, jise Main Memory bhi kaha jata hai. Ye memory CPU ke andar lagi hoti hai. Isme lakho bytes hoti hain. Computer ki primary memory ke size ko KB (Kilo Byte) ya MB (Mega Byte) mein naapa jata hai.

Computer Ke Internal Structure Kya Hai

Primary memory ko iske use ke anusaar 2 parts mein divide kiya gaya hai—

I.ROM (Read Only Memory)

II.RAM (Random Access Memory)

I.ROM (Read Only Memory)- ROM ka full form Read Only Memory hai. ROM computer ki permanent memory hoti hai. Isme likhi hui information ko sirf read kiya ja sakta hai. Isme na to kuch likha ja sakta hai aur na hi koi changes kiye ja sakte hain. Power off hone par bhi isme likhi hui information erase nahi hoti hain, isliye ye Non-Volatile memory bhi kahlati hai. ROM ko bhi iske use ke anusaar kayi parts mein divide kiya jata hai—

a.PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)

b.EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)

c.EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)

Hardware Aur Software Kya Hai

II.RAM (Random Access Memory)- RAM ka full form Random Access Memory hai. Ye computer mein use hone wali temporary memory hoti hai, jise user apni zarurat ke anusaar alag alag type se use kar sakta hai, kyon ki isme likhi gayi information ko erase bhi kiya ja sakta hai. Power off hone par isme likhi hui information erase ho jati hain, isliye ise Volatile Memory bhi kahte hain. RAM basically three types ki hoti hai—

a. Static RAM

b. Dynamic RAM

c. Synchronous RAM

2.Secondary Memory (Auxiliary Memory): 

Secondary memory computer ki External Memory hoti hai, jise Auxiliary Memory bhi kahte hain. Ye memory CPU ke bahar hoti hai, jiska use user apni zarurat ke anusaar karta hai. Primary memory ke zyada costly hone aur usme likhi gayi maximum informations power off hone par erase hone ki wajah se user external memory ka use karta hai, jisme store ki gayi information long time tak store rahti hai. Computer mein use hone wali secondary storage devices kuch is prakaar hain—

I. Floppy

II.Hard Disc Drive(HDD)

III.Compact Disc(CD)

IV.Digital Versatile Disc(DVD)

V.Magnetic Tape

VI.Pen Drive

Input Aur Output Devices Kya Hai

I.Floppy:- 

Floppy ek external storage device hai, jiska use computer mein data ya information ko kam maatra mein store karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Computer mein use hone wali ye pahli storage device hai, jo apni flexibility ke liye bahot hi famous hui. Floppy Disk ko sabse pahle 1972 century mein IBM (International Business Machine) ne banaya tha.

II.Hard Disk Drive(HDD):­- 

Hard Disk Drive ek secondary storage device hai, jiska use floppy ki tarha hi data store karne ke liye kiya jata hai. HDD, floppy ke comparison mein zyada data store karne ki capability rakhta hai. Ye permanently data ko store karta hai. HDD ko sabse pahle IBM (International Business Machine) ne banaya tha. Us time uska weight 250 KG aur storage capacity 5 MB thi, lekin baad mein isme kaafi changes hue.

III.Compact Disk(CD):- 

CD ka full form Compact Disc hai. Ye bhi ek aisi secondary storage device hai, jiska use data ko store karne ke liye kiya jata hai. CD round shape ki hoti hai, jis par lazer beam ke dwara data ko likha jata hai. Aaj kal Compact Disc ka use audio, video, text etc. information ko record karne ke liye hota hai. Sabse pahle Compact Disc ko Sony aur Philips ne banaya tha. CD generally 2 type ki hoti hai—

a.CD-ROM (Read Only Memory)

b.CD-ReWritable

IV.Digital Versatile Disc (DVD):- 

DVD ka full form Digital Versatile Disc hai, jise pahle Digital Video Disc ke naam se jana jata tha. Ye CD-ROM ke comparison mein zyada data store karta hai. DVD video tape ke comparison mein sasta aur acchi quality ka hota hai. Aaj kal sabhi movies CD ke sath sath DVD mein bhi available hain. Ye dikhne mein CD ki tarha hi hota hai, bas fark ye hota hai ki DVD ki picture quality aur capibility CD ke comparison mein bahot zyada hoti hai.

V.Magnetic Tape:- 

Magnetic tape ek secondary storage device hai, jisme information ko serial-wise store karke use kiya ja sakta h. Ise cassette ki tarha lapeta jata hai, jo dikhne mein bilkul audio tape ki tarha hoti hai, bas fark itna hota hai ki audio tape ke comparison mein magnetic tape zyada better hai, kyon ki isme zarurat ke anusaar data ko bar bar write aur erase kiya ja sakta hai.

VI.Pen Drive:­-

Pen Drive ek bahot hi popular storage device hai, jisme data ko long time tak store kiya ja sakta hai. Ise Flash Drive bhi kaha jata hai. Ye dikhne mein pen ki tarha hoti hai. Ye bahot hi portable device hai. Size mein small hone ki wajah se ise easily ek jagah se dusri jagah le jaya ja sakta hai.

Mujhe ummeed hai doston Computer Memory in hindi ki ye post apko pasand ayi hogi, aagey bhi main isi tarha ki information apke liye share karti rahungi. Agar apko meri ye post pasand ayi ho to please like and subscribe karein aur koi bhi information apko  chahiye computer se related to aap mujhe comment kar sakte hain, main puri koshish karungi apki help karne ki…..Thanks!

Input Aur Output Devices Kya Hai?

Working of Input/Output Devices

Input Devices:­

Jo devices user ke dwara diye gaye data ya instruction ko computer ki language me change karne ka kaam karti hain, unhein input devices kahte hain. Computer me use hone wali kuch famous input devices ke naam is prakaar hain—

                         

1.Keyboard

2.Mouse      

3.Scanner

4.MICR

5.OCR       

6.OMR

7.Light Pen

8.Joystick

9.Trackball

10.Mike

11.Web Camera

Computer Ke Internal Structure Kya Hai

1.Keyboard: 

Keyboard ek common input device hoti hai, jiska use computer mein data ko input karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Ye dikhne mein typewriter ki tarha hota hai, difference sirf itna hota hai ki typewriter me type kiya hua matter paper me direct chhap jata hai aur keyboard dwara type kiya hua matter computer ki memory me store hota hai, jise zarurat hone par uska printout (hardcopy)  paper par le sakte hain. Generally 2 type ke Keyboard market me available hain 84 keys aur 101/102 keys ke, lekin ajkal windows aur internet ke liye 104 aur 108 keys ke keyboard bhi available hain. Keyboard mein wo hi saari keys hoti hain, jo typewriter mein hoti hain, bas isme kuch extra keys hoti hain, jiska use bhi special purpose ke liye hota hai. Keyboard mein use hone wali different type ki keys hoti hain like alphabet, number, symbol, arrow keys, function keys etc.

Computer Memory Kya Hai

2.Mouse:

Mouse ek small input device hai, jise pointing device bhi kahte hain. Ye computer screen par cursor ko control karne ke liye use kiya jata hai. Mouse mein generally 2 button hote hain left and right. In button ka use CPU ko signal send karne ke liye kiya jata hai. In dono button ke center mein ek wheel lagi hoti hai, jiska use page ko move karane ke liye karne ke liye kiya jata hai, jise scrolling kahte hain. Mouse ka use hamesha flat jagah par rakhkar kiya jata hai.

3.Scanner:

Scanner ek input device hai, jo photocopy machine ki tarha hi use hoti hai bas difference itna hai ki scanner paper par type hue matter ko digital form me convert karta hai. Ye paper ke matter aur image ko computer ki hard disc mein store karta hai jise baad mein edit bhi kiya ja sakta hai.

4.MICR:

MICR ka full form Magnetic Inc Character Recognition hai. Ye bhi ek input device hai, jiska use bank mein zyada hota hai. Bank mein use hone wale cheque par special type ke code chhape hote hain, jinhe machine dwara hi read kiya jata hai. Machine dwara read kiye jane wale is process ko hi magnetic Inc Character Recognition kahte hain. Ye bahot fast aur error free hota hai.

5.OCR:

OCR ka full form Optical Character Recognition hai. Ye paper par chhape hue characters ko ek ek karke machine ke code mein convert karta hai aur system ki memory mein store karta hai.

6.OMR:

Optical Mark Reader ek input device hai. Ye bhi scanner ki tarha kaam karta hai. Ye pen ya pencil dwara likhe gaye words ya mark ko computer language me convert karke machine me padhne yogye banata hai. OMR ka zyadatar use examinations mein answer sheet ko check karne ke liye kiya jata hai, jisme multiple choice questions hote hain.

7.Light Pen:

Light pen ek aisi pointing device hai, jiska use karke hum computer screen par koi picture easily draw karke computer memory mein store kar sakte hain.

                                                                                            

8.Joystick:

Joystick ek electronic device hai, jiska use computer screen par cursor ko control karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Joystick ka use mouse ki tarha hi hota hai, aur generally ye computer games khelne ke liye use hota hai.

9.Track Ball:

Track ball ek input device hai, jiska use computer aur laptop me mouse ki jagah hota hai. Ye size me mouse se chhota aur portable hota hai.

10.Microphone:

Microphone bhi ek input device hai, jiska use sound ko input karke use digital form mein convert karne ke liye kiya jata hai.

11.Web Camera:

Web camera ek aisi input device hai jiska use image aur video ke liye hota hai. Is device ke dwara hum dur baithe hue person se aise baat kar sakte hain jaise wo hamare saamne baitha ho. Ye technique aaj kal poore world mein video calling ke naam se famous hai.

Output Devices:

Output devices wo hoti hain, jo computer mein kisi program ke execution ke baad diye gaye result ko user ke samne present karti hain.

Computer mein use hone wali output devices basically 2 types ki hoti hain—

1.Hard Copy Output Devices

2.Soft Copy Output Devices

1.Hard Copy Output Devices:- 

Hardcopy output devices wo hoti hain, jinke output ko hum touch kar sakte hain aur directly use kar sakte hain e.g. printer aur plotter dwara paper par available output ko hum touch kar sakte hain.

2.Soft Copy Output Devices:- 

Soft Copy Output Devices wo devices hoti hain, jinke output ko hum computer screen par dekhte hain ya audio ke roop mein user ke samne present ki jati hain. V.D.O. (Monitor), speaker etc. softcopy output devices hain.

Hardware Aur Software kya Hai

Mujhe ummeed hai doston Input/Output Devices in hindi ki ye post apko pasand ayi hogi, aagey bhi main isi tarha ki information apke liye share karti rahungi. Agar apko meri ye post pasand ayi ho to please like and subscribe karein aur koi bhi information apko chahiye computer se related to ap mujhe comment kar sakte hain, main puri koshish karungi apki help karne ki.....Thanks! 

Computer Ke Internal Structure Kya Hai?

Jaisa ki hum sabhi jante hain ki computer human being ki life ka ek aisa important part ban gaya hai, jiska use har field mein ho raha hai. Computer ek aisa development hai, jisne human being ke rahen sahen ko puri tarha se change karke rakh diya hai.

Computer ka sabse important part C.P.U. (Central Processing Unit) hota hai. C.P.U. ke dwara hi computer mein hone wale saare calculation ya process ko complete kiya jata hai. C.P.U. ke andar ek board laga hota hai, jise Motherboard kahte hain, jo ki computer ka main part hota hai. Motherboard par hi computer mein use hone wali kuch aur devices bhi lagi hoti hain, jinka use different kaamo ke liye hota hai.

Input Aur Output Devices Kya Hai

Computer mein use hone wali internal devices  is prakaar hain, jinka use different different purpose ke liye hota hai—

1. Motherboard

2. Power Supply

3. Computer Cabinet

4. Parallel & Serial Ports

5. Keyboard Connector

6. Fan

7. Reset Switch

8. Cards

9. Link Buses

10. Modem

1.Motherboard:

Motherboard computer ka main part hota hai, jise System Board bhi kahte hain. Ye computer ka spine hota hai, jise Communication Channel ke bhi naam se jaana jata hai. Motherboard computer ke sath sath dusri devices aur Robot me bhi use hota hai. Computer ka structure motherboard mein lage Components, Microprocessor aur Primary Memory se banta hai. Motherboard ka important part uska chip set hota hai, jiske medium se computer program ko run karaya jata hai.

Computer Memory Kya Hai

2.Power Supply:

Computer ek electronic machine hai, jise chalane ke liye power supply bahot hi important hai. Bina power ke computer ko chalane ke bare me socha bhi nahi ja sakta. Computer mein hone wali power supply 2 type se hoti hai—

I. SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply)

II. UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)

3.Computer Cabinet:

Computer cabinet computer ke C.P.U. (Central Processing Unit) ke dhakkan ko kahte hain , jo C.P.U. ke internal parts ko cover karta hai.  Computer cabinet generally 2 model mein market mein available hai—

I. Tower Model

II. Desktop Model

Hardware Aur Software Kya Hai

4.Parallel & Serial Ports:

Parallel port 25 pin ka Female Connector hota hai, jab ki serial ports 9-25 pin ka Male Connector hota hai. Parallel port ke dwara data ek time par ek sath 8 bit data ko transmit karta hai aur serial port mein data ek ek bit karke transmit hota hai. In dono ports ka use data transmission ke liye kiya jata hai.

5.Keyboard Connector:

Keyboard connector ek aisi device hai, jiska use keyboard ko computer se attach karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Generally keyboard ko system se attach karne ke liye 5 pin ka port use hota hai. Lekin aaj kal PS/2 bhi market mein available hai, jiska use user apni zarurat ke hisaab se karta hai.

6.Fan:­

Fan ka use computer mein temperature ko control karne ke liye hota hai. Computer mein generate hone wali garmi isi ke dwara control ki jati hai. Ye computer chip ke thik upar laga hota hai.

7.Reset Switch:­

Reset switch ek aisa button hota hai, jiska use computer ko reboot karane ke liye hota hai. Is button ka use karke hum computer ko re-start kar sakte hain.

8.Cards:­

C.P.U. me motherboard me bane slots me different type ke  cards hote hain, jinka use alag alag purpose ke liye hota hai. Sound card, Display card, LAN card, TV Tuner card etc. computer mein use hone wale cards hain. Sound card ka use computer mein voice ke input/output process ke liye hota hai. Isi tarha display card ka use screen par information ko display karane ke liye hota hai. Agar user apne P.C. ko network se connect karna chahta hai to uske liye  wo Network Card ka use kar sakta hai, jise NIC (Network Interface Card) bhi kaha jata hai.

Computer Network Kya Hai

9.Link Buses:

Link buses ka use kisi ek component ko kisi dusre component se attach karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Link buses basically three types ki hoti hain, jinka use different type ke kaamo ke liye hota hai—

I.Data Bus

II.Address Bus

III.Control Bus

Data bus ka use computer mein data ko ek unit se dusri unit tak le jane ke liye kiya jata hai, jo ki Bi-directional hota hai.

Address bus ka use hum us memory location ko address bhejne ke liye karte hain, jaha se hume data ko store ya retrieve karna hota hai.

Control bus jise command bus bhi kahte hain, ka main kaam signal ko synchronize karna hai.

10.Modem:

Modem ka use computer mein internet chalane ke liye kiya jata hai. Ye device digital signal ko analog signal mein convert karke receiver ko send karti hai aur jab ye signal receiver tak pahonch jata hai to modem ise phir se uske original form yaani digital signal me wapas convert kar deta hai, is technique ko Modulation aur DeModulation kahte hain.

Mujhe ummeed hai doston Internal Structure of Computer in hindi ki ye post apko pasand ayi hogi, aagey bhi main isi tarha ki information apke liye share karti rahungi. Agar apko meri ye post pasand ayi ho to please like and subscribe karein aur koi bhi information apko chahiye computer se related to ap mujhe comment kar sakte hain, main puri koshish karungi apki help karne ki.....Thanks!