Computer Memory Kya Hai? :
Memory computer ka wo part hota hai, jaha par user data ya information ko store karta hai. Memory computer mein human being ke mind ki tarha kaam karti hai. Jis tarha human ko cheezein yaad rakhne ke liye mind ki zarurat hoti hai, usi tarha computer mein bhi data ya information ko long time tak store karne ke liye memory ki zarurat hoti hai. Computer mein use hone wali memory generally 2 type ki hoti hai—
1.Primary Memory (Main Memory)
2.Secondary Memory (Auxiliary Memory)
1.Primary Memory (Main Memory):
Primary memory computer ki Internal Memory hoti hai, jise Main Memory bhi kaha jata hai. Ye memory CPU ke andar lagi hoti hai. Isme lakho bytes hoti hain. Computer ki primary memory ke size ko KB (Kilo Byte) ya MB (Mega Byte) mein naapa jata hai.
Primary memory ko iske use ke anusaar 2 parts mein divide kiya gaya hai—
I.ROM (Read Only Memory)
II.RAM (Random Access Memory)
I.ROM (Read Only Memory)- ROM ka full form Read Only Memory hai. ROM computer ki permanent memory hoti hai. Isme likhi hui information ko sirf read kiya ja sakta hai. Isme na to kuch likha ja sakta hai aur na hi koi changes kiye ja sakte hain. Power off hone par bhi isme likhi hui information erase nahi hoti hain, isliye ye Non-Volatile memory bhi kahlati hai. ROM ko bhi iske use ke anusaar kayi parts mein divide kiya jata hai—
a.PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)
b.EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
II.RAM (Random Access Memory)- RAM ka full form Random Access Memory hai. Ye computer mein use hone wali temporary memory hoti hai, jise user apni zarurat ke anusaar alag alag type se use kar sakta hai, kyon ki isme likhi gayi information ko erase bhi kiya ja sakta hai. Power off hone par isme likhi hui information erase ho jati hain, isliye ise Volatile Memory bhi kahte hain. RAM basically three types ki hoti hai—
a. Static RAM
b. Dynamic RAM
c. Synchronous RAM
2.Secondary Memory (Auxiliary Memory):
Secondary memory computer ki External Memory hoti hai, jise Auxiliary Memory bhi kahte hain. Ye memory CPU ke bahar hoti hai, jiska use user apni zarurat ke anusaar karta hai. Primary memory ke zyada costly hone aur usme likhi gayi maximum informations power off hone par erase hone ki wajah se user external memory ka use karta hai, jisme store ki gayi information long time tak store rahti hai. Computer mein use hone wali secondary storage devices kuch is prakaar hain—
I. Floppy
II.Hard Disc Drive(HDD)
III.Compact Disc(CD)
IV.Digital Versatile Disc(DVD)
V.Magnetic Tape
I.Floppy:-
Floppy ek external storage device hai, jiska use computer mein data ya information ko kam maatra mein store karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Computer mein use hone wali ye pahli storage device hai, jo apni flexibility ke liye bahot hi famous hui. Floppy Disk ko sabse pahle 1972 century mein IBM (International Business Machine) ne banaya tha.
II.Hard Disk Drive(HDD):-
Hard Disk Drive ek secondary storage device hai, jiska use floppy ki tarha hi data store karne ke liye kiya jata hai. HDD, floppy ke comparison mein zyada data store karne ki capability rakhta hai. Ye permanently data ko store karta hai. HDD ko sabse pahle IBM (International Business Machine) ne banaya tha. Us time uska weight 250 KG aur storage capacity 5 MB thi, lekin baad mein isme kaafi changes hue.
III.Compact Disk(CD):-
CD ka full form Compact Disc hai. Ye bhi ek aisi secondary storage device hai, jiska use data ko store karne ke liye kiya jata hai. CD round shape ki hoti hai, jis par lazer beam ke dwara data ko likha jata hai. Aaj kal Compact Disc ka use audio, video, text etc. information ko record karne ke liye hota hai. Sabse pahle Compact Disc ko Sony aur Philips ne banaya tha. CD generally 2 type ki hoti hai—
a.CD-ROM (Read Only Memory)
b.CD-ReWritable
IV.Digital Versatile Disc (DVD):-
DVD ka full form Digital Versatile Disc hai, jise pahle Digital Video Disc ke naam se jana jata tha. Ye CD-ROM ke comparison mein zyada data store karta hai. DVD video tape ke comparison mein sasta aur acchi quality ka hota hai. Aaj kal sabhi movies CD ke sath sath DVD mein bhi available hain. Ye dikhne mein CD ki tarha hi hota hai, bas fark ye hota hai ki DVD ki picture quality aur capibility CD ke comparison mein bahot zyada hoti hai.
V.Magnetic Tape:-
Magnetic tape ek secondary storage device hai, jisme information ko serial-wise store karke use kiya ja sakta h. Ise cassette ki tarha lapeta jata hai, jo dikhne mein bilkul audio tape ki tarha hoti hai, bas fark itna hota hai ki audio tape ke comparison mein magnetic tape zyada better hai, kyon ki isme zarurat ke anusaar data ko bar bar write aur erase kiya ja sakta hai.
VI.Pen Drive:-
Pen Drive ek bahot hi popular storage device hai, jisme data ko long time tak store kiya ja sakta hai. Ise Flash Drive bhi kaha jata hai. Ye dikhne mein pen ki tarha hoti hai. Ye bahot hi portable device hai. Size mein small hone ki wajah se ise easily ek jagah se dusri jagah le jaya ja sakta hai.
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