Operating System Kya Hai? Iska Use Kyon Kiya Jata Hai?

Operating system ek System Software hota hai, jo computer hardware ke internal process ko control karta hai aur user interface provide karta hai. Operating system ke bina computer ko chalana (Run) impossible hai. Ye user aur computer ke beech bridge ka kaam karta hai.

Hardwar Aur Software Kya Hai

Operating system ke  process ko Interface kahte hain, jo user dwara diye gaye instructions ke anusaar hardware ko execute karta hai aur other programs ke execution mein bhi help karta hai. Ye computer ke liye sabse pahla program hota hai, jo computer ke switch on hone ke baad computer ki memory mein load (copy) kiya jaata hai.

Operating system ek ya ek se zyada users ya computers ke programs ke beech Resources bhi start karta hai e.g:- CPU, Memory, Hard Disk etc.. Operating system generally 2 interface par kaam karta hai—GUI (Graphical User Interface) aur CUI (Command User Interface). CUI mein DOS & Unix aur GUI mein Windows & Linux aata hai.

Aaj kal market mein kuch famous operating system available hain e.g:- Windows 198, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2007, Windows 2010 etc.

Need of Operating System:

Operating system ki requirement in kaamo ko pura karne ke liye hoti hai—

·       Computer ko efficient manner mein use karne ke liye operating system bahot zaruri hai

·       Ye computer aur user ke beech relation create karne ka kaam karta hai

·       Ye programs ko control aur use complete karta hai

·       Ye Input/Output ke sabhi process ko control karta hai

·       Ye files aur computers ko security provide karta hai

·       Computer ke resources ko manage karta hai

·       Ye computer ki internal devices like— ROM, RAM aur other peripheral devices like— Monitor, Memory, Printer etc. ko control aur manage karta hai.

Language Translator Kya Hai

Types of Operating System:

Operating system ko basically 4 categories mein divide kiya gaya hai—

(a) Single User Operating System

(b) Multi User Operating System

(c) Single Tasking Operating System

(d) Multi Tasking Operating System

(a) Single User Operating System: Wo Operating System jis par ek time par ek hi user kaam kar sakta hai, use Single User Operating System kahte hain e.g:- DOS, Windows XP etc.

(b) Multi User Operating System: Ek hi computer par ek saath kayi users ko kaam karne ki permission deta hai, ismein har computer ko terminal se connect kar diya jaata hai, e.g:- Linux, Unix, Windows 2000 etc. Multi User Operating System hain.

(c) Single Tasking Operating System: Wo operating system jo ek single program ko ek baar mein hi execute kar lete hain, unhe Single Tasking Operating System kahte hain.

(d) Multi Tasking Operating System: Multi Tasking Operating System ek time par ek se zyada programs ke execution ko support karta hai. Aaj kal ke zyadatar operating system like- Windows 2000, OS/2, Unix, Linux etc. multi tasking ko hi support karte hain. Windows XP aur Windows 7, PC ke liye windows desktop operating system ke baad waale version hain. Windows XP ne desktop ko ek naya aur zyada personalized look diya hai, jisse users easily images ko import ya scan kar leta hai. Ye music files ko web par lane aur phir unhe portable devices par transfer karne ke liye bane hain. Windows 7 ke dwara alag alag family members apne alag-alag desktop aur files ke personal set ko use karte hain. Windows 7 mein start menu ko redesign kiya gaya hai, jisse zyada use hone waale programs ko easily search kiya ja sake. Windows XP aur Windows 7 professional version aur home addition version dono type se milte hain.

Functions of Operating System:

Operating system dwara kiye jaane waale kaam is prakaar hain—

(1) Memory Management

(2) Device Management

(3) Processor Management

(4) File & Data Management

(5) Security

(6) Fault Management

(7) Communication

Computer Ke Internal Structure Kya Hai

(1) Memory Management: Operating system ke dwara hi memory ka sahi tarike se use hota hai. Operating system different users aur different programs ke liye memory ko kayi parts mein divide kar deta hai. Is type ki memory ko 2 parts me divide kiya jaata hai—Fixed ya variable.

Computer Memory Kya Hai

(2) Device Management: Operating system computer mein use hone waali input/output devices ko manage karta hai. Ye inki timing aur inke process ko control karta hai.

Input Aur Output Devices Kya Hai

(3) Processor Management: Processor ya CPU ke through programs ko process kiya jaata hai. Jab ek program ko processing ke time kayi parts me divide kiya jaata hai to in parts ko process kahte, jo ki operating system ke dwara possible hai.

(4) File and Data Management: File and data management mein operating system is prakaar ke kaam karta hai—

(i) Directories aur files ko create & store karna

(ii) Records ko store karna

(iii) Files ko secondary memory mein transfer karna.

(5) Security: Operating system data ki security ko bhi manage karta hai. Single User System mein password etc. ka use kiya jaata hai, jisse ki other person data ko use na kar sake. Multiuser system mein Encryption, Access permission etc. ke use dwara data ko secure kiya jaata hai.

(6) Fault Management: Multiuser system mein operating system ka ye bhi ek bahot important kaam hai. Fault management mein bahot important kaamo mein use hone waale data aur hard disk mein available data ki duplicate copy bhi operating system ke through banti hai. Agar kisi wajah se data ki pahli copy mein kuch kharabi aa jaati hai to operating system user ko uski dusri copy provide kar deta hai.

(7) Communication: Networking ki wajah se present time mein communication operating system ka ek important kaam ho gaya hai. Is facility ke through users ek dusre ko messages send kar sakte hain. Is ke dwara users programs aur data files ko aapas mein share kar sakte hain aur unka use easily kar sakte hain. Networking se System Manager sabhi online users ko koi message ek sath send kar sakta hai.

Programming Language Kya Hai

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